Izindlela zokufa eziphakathi kwezincwadi zokususa amanzi zasepolyurethane—futhi ukuthi ubunzima bemateriali kubangaphi ubude bokuphila?

I-Hydrolysis Nokuwohloka Kwamakhemikhali: Imbangela Eyinhloko Yokwehluleka Kwekhamera Yokuhlanza I-PU

Ukuqhekeka kwamakhemikhali okubangelwa amanzi hydrolysis iyimbangela eyinhloko yokuhluleka kwesikrini sokukhipha amanzi esisheshayo se-polyurethane (PU), ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinama-asidi, ama-alkali noma ezinomswakama ophakeme. Le nqubo engenakubuyiselwa emuva ihlukanisa izibopho zamakhemikhali ngaphakathi kwe-polymer matrix, okulimaza ukuqina kwesakhiwo nokusebenza kahle. Nakuba le ngozi inkulu kuma-PU asuselwa ku-polyester, ukuqonda indlela esebenza ngayo kubalulekile ekukhetheni impahla efanele ukuze ihlale isikhathi eside.

Umsebenzi wokuhlanza kwe-PU emizini yokuqhubeka enenzi kakhulu, emizini yokuqhubeka ethi ngenkathi yonke okanye emizini yokuqhubeka ethi ngenkathi yonke

Ukubegwa kwakhiwa uma imikhombi yamanzi iba yisibonelo esihlukanayo kumkhombi wase-PU futhi ibhekise amakhelilwe ayo okuhlanzwa. Lokhu kuyisibonelo esikhulu kakhulu ku amafomula we-PU e-polyester , apho izinkambo zesi-ester ziyatholakala ngokuphambuka kwezinkambo zokuhlanza ngamanzi. Emaphilishini yokuhlola amakhanda, apho ukuguqula kwe-pH, ukubekwa kwe-steam, nokuphakama kwezintemperatura (>60°C) kuyisibonelo esikhulu, ukubekwa kuyakhula kakhulu. Izintemperatura ezikhulu zingakwenzela ukuba umsebenzi wokuhlanza uhlwile ngamashumi amane, okuzosabela ukuphakama kwezinkambo futhi ukuphakama kwezinkambo zokuphakama kwezinkambo zokuphakama kwezinkambo zokuphakama kwezinkambo zokuphakama kwezinkambo zokuphakama kwezinkambo zokuphakama kwezinkambo zokuphakama kwezinkambo zokuphakama kwezinkambo zokuphakama kwezinkambo zokuphakama kwezinkambo zokuphakama kwezinkambo zokuphakama kwezinkambo zokuphakama kwezinkambo zokuphakama kwezinkambo zokuphakama kwezinkambo zokuphakama kwezinkambo zokuphakama kwezinkambo zokuphakama kwezinkambo zokuphakama kwezinkambo zokuphakama kwezinkambo zokuphakama kwezinkambo zokuphakama kwezinkambo zokuphakama kwezinkambo zokuphakama kwezinkambo zokuphakama kwezinkambo zokuphakama kwezinkambo zokuphakama kwezinkambo zokuphakama kwezinkambo zokuphakama kwezinkambo zokuphakama kwezinkambo zokuphakama kwezinkambo zokuphakama kwezinkambo zokuphakama kwezinkambo zokuphakama kwezinkambo zokuphakama kwezinkambo zokuphakama kwezinkambo zokuphakama kwezinkambo zokuphakama kwezinkambo zokuphakama kwezinkambo zokuphakama kwezinkambo zokuphakama kwezinkambo zokuphakama......

I-PU yepolyether ngaphandle kwe-PU yepolyester: Kungani ukuthi ukukhathazeka kwokuhlanza kuyisibonelo esikhulu ekupheleni kwezinkambo zokuhlola amakhanda

I-PU yepolyether iyasinda ukuthwasa kwezilwanyana ngokuphelele kune-polyester PU ngoba iyanele amaphakathi amathree asebenza kahle, okuyisibonelo sokuthi akhathali ukuthwasa kwezilwanyana, nokuthi inqamba yezilwanyana ephakeme—eyingaphezu kweyishumi nesibhozo yezilwanyana zasepolyester. Izivivinyo zokuthwasa ngokukhawuleza zibonisa lokhu kubuhlungu obukhulu: izikhombisa zasepolyester zinokuthatha isikumbu sesihlanu se-40% sesilinganiso sezithunzi bakho emva kwezikhathi zesi-500 emaphakathini ase-pH 10, ngakho-ke izikhombisa zasepolyether zizokugcina izinkimbinkimbi zabo ezingu-90% nangaphezulu. Emazweni okusebenzisa izilwanyana zeminingi, ukuguqula ku-polyether PU omuhle kakhulu kuyabika ukuthi kukhona ukuthi isikhathi sokusebenza sisekwe ngamashumi amabili–amashumi amathathu —ngaphandle kokuthi sithathe isibonelo sokuthwasa kwezilwanyana noma ukuthi sithathe isibonelo sokuthwasa kwezilwanyana.

Izindaba zomlando: 68% yezifayile zokwakhiwa kabusha emaphakathini okususa izilwanyana zemithi ziyatholakala ngokuthwasa kwezilwanyana futhi ngokuthwasa kwezilwanyana kwezithunzi.

Ukuchaza kwemboni yezindaba zokuziphatha kwezilwanyana kuma-14 amaphakathi okususa izilwanyana ayisemthwakweni ayavumela ukuthi ukuthwasa kwezilwanyana kuyagcinwa ngama-68% yokuguqula izikhombisa ngaphandle kokuzwa. umthwalo wokufa wahlukile ngokuvamile njengoko ukuthi kungabiwa ngamashumi amathathu–amashumi amashumi nesibhozo yokuqondisa ngenxa yokutholwa kwamanzi nokuhlukana kwamaketanga. Lokhu kuvuvukala kuphazamisa ama-aperture, kubangele ukuba umuntu abe yimpumputhe futhi kwehle ukusebenza. Ngokubucayi, ama-80% wezikrini ezihlulekile abonisa amandla okudonsa angaphansi kuka-15 MPa umngcele ohlobene kakhulu nokwephuka ngaphansi kwemithwalo yokudlidliza enesivinini esiphezulu. Lolu lwazi lusikisela ukuthi ukuzinza kwamakhemikhali kubalulekile njengokuqina kwemishini lapho kusetshenziswa izinto zokuhlunga amanzi.

Ukugqwala nokuqothuka okuphazamisayo ngaphansi kwezimo zokuhlolwa kwe-Dynamic

Indlela izakhiwo zokudla (ukugqwala, umswakama, i-angularity) ezishayela ngayo ukugqwala komhlaba nokusonteka kwe-mesh

Ukwakheka kokudla kulawula ngokuqondile ukuqina kokugqoka. Ukuqukethwe kwezimali eziphakeme kukhuthaza ukuchotshozwa kwemizimba emithathu , njengoba izinyathelo zihlwa phakathi kwezinye zokubhala nezinye zokubhala. Izinyathelo ezinemithambo—khusela lezi zinezimithambo ezingaphansi kuka-45°—zisebenza njengamathuluzi okukhupha ngomkhono, zikhupha izindawo eziphakanyiswe kakhulu zokugcina phakathi kwezinye zokubhala. Uma umthelela uphansi kuka-15%, izilayiya zokuhlanza ziyathumela izinyathelo ezibhacile kusuka kuma-apertures, kuvutha ukuguqula kwezindawo eziphakanyiswe kakhulu. Kuphatha kwamanzi, lokhu kubhekisa kuqhubekayo kwezindawo eziphakanyiswe kakhulu. 0.8% ngaseminyakeni yokuqhubeka kwe-100 —kukhupha ukusebenza kwezinye zokubhala ngasendulo kuka-40% futhi kuvutha ukuphakanyiswa kwezinye zokubhala.

Ukuhlanza kokuvutha: Ukuchaza kwe-Shore A njengezindlela zokubhekisa ukuvutha kwezinye zokubhala nokuphambuka kwezinye zokubhala

Izinye zokubhala zase-Polyurethane ziqhubeka ngokuvutha kakhulu—kusho kakhulu kungaphezu kwe-1 million yezinye zokubhala ngomnyaka. Ukuchaza kwe-Shore A kukhona njengezindlela zokubhekisa ukuvutha kwezinye zokubhala:

• Ngaphezulu kuka-80A: Ukuchaza kwezinye zokubhala kungaphezu kwezidingo kuyabhekisa kuqhubekayo kwezinye zokubhala
• 85A–88A: Isibalance esihle kakhulu—ukuthi kunezinkinga ezinkulu ukuthi zilwe ngokuthintana, kodwa kunezinkinga ezingafanele ukuthi zilwe ngokuthintana nokuthi zilwe ngokuthintana okuphakeme kakhulu ukuthi zilwe ngokuthintana nokuthi zilwe ngokuthintana okuphakeme kakhulu ukuthi zilwe ngokuthintana nokuthi zilwe ngokuthintana okuphakeme kakhulu ukuthi zilwe ngokuthintana nokuthi zilwe ngokuthintana okuphakeme kakhulu ukuthi zilwe ngokuthintana nokuthi zilwe ngokuthintana okuphakeme kakhulu ukuthi zilwe ngokuthintana nokuthi zilwe ngokuthintana okuphakeme kakhulu ukuthi zilwe ngokuthintana nokuthi zilwe ngokuthintana okuphakeme kakhulu ukuthi zilwe ngokuthintana nokuthi zilwe ngokuthintana okuphakeme kakhulu ukuthi zilwe ngokuthintana nokuthi zilwe ngokuthintana okuphakeme kakhulu ukuthi zilwe ngokuthintana nokuthi zilwe ngokuthintana okuphakeme kakhulu ukuthi zilwe ngokuthintana nokuthi zilwe ngokuthintana okuphakeme kakhulu ukuthi zilwe ngokuthintana nokuthi zilwe ngokuthintana okuphakeme kakhulu ukuthi zilwe ngokuthintana nokuthi zilwe ngokuthintana okuphakeme kakhulu ukuthi zilwe ngokuthintana nokuthi zilwe ngokuthintana okuphakeme kakhulu ukuthi zilwe ngokuthintana nokuthi zilwe ngokuthintana okuphakeme kakhulu ukuthi zilwe ngokuthintana nokuthi zilwe ngokuthintana okuphakeme kakhulu ukuthi zilwe ngokuthintana nokuthi zilwe ngokuthintana okuphakeme kakhulu ukuthi zilwe ngokuthintana nok......
• Kusuka kuma-90A futhi: Ukuthintana okuphakeme kakhulu kuyaphakamisa ukuthi kunezinkinga ezinkulu ngokuthintana, kodwa kunezinkinga ezingafanele ngokuthintana okuphakeme kakhulu.

Kwesha 90A, izikraki zokufatshwa zibegina emasikhathini angu-60% angaphezulu kwezisikhathi sokufatshwa esingama-85A futhi zihamba kahle kusuka kumazwi amabili wokuthintana ngokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthintana kokuthint......

Ukuthintana Kwesha A: Ukubalansisa Ukuthintana Ngokuthintana, Ukuthintana Ngokuthintana, Nakwezinkinga Zokuthintana Ngokuthintana.

Isibalance Sesha 85A: Ukuphakamisa Ukuthintana Kwesikraki (≥35 kN/m) Nakwezinkinga Zokuthintana Ngokuthintana Kwezinkulungwane Zokuthintana.

Shore A 85 isibonelo sesikhathi sokubhalwa ngokwempirikali sokuthi kuyinto enobunzima obuhle kumsebenzi wokuqondisa amanzi emakhulukazi. Kulesi bunzima, i-PU ibe nemandla yokuphuma kwemithambo ≥35 kN/m—okufanele kubhekwe njengokunconywa kokugqogqo kwemithambo eyisikhele—ngakoloko iba nezindlela zokubuyela emuva >40%, okunconywa ukuthi kubona umphumela wokuthinteka. Idata yomsebenzi wesitesi sokuprosesa izinkulungwane ibonisa ukuthi i-Shore A 85 yezincamtho ziyadlula ukusebenza kwezincamtho ezingaphansi (Shore A 70–75) ngama-2.3 ngokuphinda kabili ekupheleni kwamandla akho kuzokuphela amanzi ngokuphakeme. Okunye okubalulekile, le bunzima bubuyisa ubukhulu bokudlula kwemolekyuli, okusiza ekubambeni kwezinkulungwane—nangalapho izinkulungwane zezipolyester PU zingathola ubukhulu bebandla ngokuphela ngama-60% ngokuphela kwezinkulungwane zezinkulungwane.

Ukubuyela kwezinkinga zokubhala: Kungani ukubhala kakhulu (Shore A ≥90) kubuyela ukuthi kubhaleke kakhulu futhi kubhaleke kakhulu nangalapho kunezinkinga zokubhala kakhulu.

Ukubhala kakhulu ku-Shore A 90+ kubuyela izinkinga eziningi ezinconywa ukuthi zihlabeleka kakhulu ukubaluleka kwezinye:

• Ukubhala kwezinkinga zokubhala : Ukubhala kwezinkinga kubhala ngama-45%, okubuyela ukuthi kubhala kakhulu ukusebenza kwezinkinga zokubhala kwezinkinga zokubhala
• Ukugxilisa Ukuzwela : Ukuqhekeka kwamapulangwe lapho kushaywa, okudala izinhlawulo ezivimba ukuvulekaokuqoshwe ku-2023 P&Q Plant Audit
• Ukuhlukumezeka Kwe-hydrolysis : Ukuncipha kokuhamba kwamaketanga kuthinta ikhono lokuziphilisa ezimweni ezimanzi

Nakuba ukumelana nokugqwala kuthuthuka kancane (7-12%), isikhathi sokusebenza esiphelele sincipha ngo-30-50% kuma-unit dewatering amalahle ngenxa yokuqhekeka kokucindezeleka. Izikrini eziqinile ngokweqile nazo zifaka engozini ukuvalwa kohlaka, zandisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngo-18%.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Yini imbangela eyinhloko yokuhluleka kwesikrini sokunciphisa amanzi se-PU?

I-hydrolysis, ukuwohloka kwamakhemikhali okubangelwa amanzi, kuyisizathu esiyinhloko sokwehluleka kwesikrini sokunciphisa amanzi se-PU ngaphambi kwesikhathi ezindaweni ezinama-acid, i-alkaline, noma umswakama ophezulu.

I-hydrolysis izithinta kanjani izikrini ze-PU ezenziwe nge-polyester?

Izikrini ze-PU ezakhiwe nge-polyester zivame ukuvuvukala, ziholele ekuvuvukeni, ekudambiseni amandla okunciphise, nasekuthinizeni ukwakheka.

Izikrini ze-PU ezenziwe nge-polyether zisebenza kanjani uma ziqhathaniswa nezama-polyester?

Amasikrini ase-PU ase-Polyether ayabonisa ukuthi akhathazwa ngokupheleleyo kwe-hydrolysis, abuyisela kakhulu kwezinye zezinhlobo zama-PU ase-polyester apho kufa kwezinye izinhlobo ngokupheleleyo kwe-40% kwezinhlobo zazo zokwenzeka kwezindawo ezingavamile.

Kungani ubukhulu be-Shore A buningi kuma-PU screens?

Ubukhulu be-Shore A bubangela kakhulu ukuthi ama-PU screens abhekana njani nezinkinga zokugqibela, ukugqibela kwemikhumbu, nokuhlanza. Ubukhulu be-Shore A 85 buyisela isibalance esihle kakhulu phakathi kwezinhlobo zokusebenza nobude bewo.

Kuzoba kuphi uma ubukhulu be-Shore A bukhulisa kune-90?

Uma ubukhulu be-Shore A bukhulisa kune-90, amasikrini abecala kakhulu, okubangela ukuthi amakhubane amancane athathe kakhulu, ubude bewo buncane kakhulu, futhi kubonakala ukuthi kubhekene nezinkinga zokugcina kakhulu noma ukuthi abhekana kakhulu nezinkinga zokugqibela.

Izinkimbinkimbi zokugqibela kwe-PU screens ziyiphi?

Izinkimbinkimbi ezibalulekile zivame ukuba yizindlela zokuphakama, ubukhulu be-tensile obengaphezu kwe-15 MPa, ukuguqula kwezindawo zokuphuma, ukuthi kubhekene nezinkinga zokugcina kakhulu, nokugqoka kwezinye izinye zezindawo zomphakathi wokuvibrasi.