Ukugcinwa kwe-Polyurethane, okuthiwa noma ngokuthi PU, kusebenza njengesilinda sokunqanda ngenxa yejisho lelithunya esibhaliwe ngokuthi luthutha lezi zilindi ezimfushane kubuso, okwenza ukuguqula kwezindleko kungenaphandle. Singathola lokhu kwiimodi eziqinileyo noma ngokushaywa ngokulondoloza, kwaye iintlobo zombulelo zombulela ukuguqula kwezindleko ngoko 0.02 ukuya 0.025 W ngasinye kwi-mK. Oku kwenza kube ngamabini okunye kwaye ukugcinwa kwezinto ezijwayeleyo zezilindi ezijwayeleyo. Abasebenzisi kwiNkqo ye-Energy yaseMericana bafunyenwe ukuba le miqomo ye-Pu iyahlula ngokuchanekileyo iindlela zazo, enjalo singathi kuzo zonke iindlela ezimbalwa xa izilindi eziphatheleneyo ezithile ziyokwaziswa ngokupheleleyo kubuso bawo.
Yini okwenza i-polyurethane ikhululekile kakhulu? Bheka ukuphathelene kwayo okuphambene ne-engcwele yembe, nangona 90-95% yale micabho encane iyahlukile. Ngaphakathi kwezi micabho evela khona ukusebenza kwezinyathelo zokulayisha ezingcono kwezimali, ezibangela ukungcola okuphambene ne-conductive kunye ne-convective heat transfer. Xa abasebenzisa iqela elipheleleyo luka polyurethane, bangqina ngqo i-polyol resins kunye ne-isocyanates. Umdlalo wezibalo ubangela le nto encinane enokhathazeka kakhulu ngokukhuphela amava. Oku kuyindlela ngokuqinisekileyo kwezisebenziso zokubulawa, kwaye inokhathaza amandla okubulawa ayi-40 iponi ngoshiphini esinye xa kufunyenwe amanye amaphoyinti.
I-Polyurethane ikhona ngoba iyahlukana ngokwengeza ukunyuka kwezinyawo futhi imemeza ukulahleka kweyamoya emaphakathi. Uma kusetshenziswe njengemigqa esivumelana esingekho lula kakhulu kwezinyawo ezithile, izakhiwo zenza amathuluziwe kakhulu kwezindleko zokusebenza — kusukela ku-15% ukuya ku-30% ngokwesiqephu sezingceke. Izivivinyo ezweni lapho kwenziwe zibonisa ukuthi ema-20 linyaka emuva, le mithi yonakelela kakhulu ukusebenza kwayo okungenani kakhulu (kungenani noma ngokungafani ne-94% yokuqala), oku kungcono kakhulu kuno-foam board engenakho lula kakhulu uma imizamo ingcono noma kwehlile. Futhi xa sikhuluma ngokwehlile, i-polyurethane inesici esimboni lapho ukukhanya kwezinhlanu kungase kudingiwe (ngaphansi kwe-1 perm rating). Lokhu kuthi kuthi kungcono ukuthi kungase kuthinte ukulahlekelwa kwezakhiwo ngokwehlile okuthi kungase kuthinte le mithi ngemva kala nje.
Lokhu kuyindlela yokulinda umphimbo, izithuthi zepolyurethane ziyindle kakhulu kunazo zokunye izinhlobo ezikhiwani. I-Conductivity yemfuthu noma ik-value iyaphindaphakathi kancane 0.022 kuya 0.025 W/m·K, okuyinkulungwane engu-35% ngaphandle kwezikhombisa fibreglass e-0.04 W/m·K kanye nezinga elingu-25% ngaphandle kwezinhlobo zepolystyrene. Yeyiphi into ethinta le? Ukuze kuyindle, le ndawo inemigqa yemigqa engaloli uthi yenza ukuthi izigas ezingenakho ukuthi zilinde kakhulu, kuyindle kakhulu ukulinda umphimbo. Izivivinyo zokuhlanganisa ngokuthi zisebenzisa izindlela ezijikeleze kanye nezokuvivinya kwe-ASTM C518 kubonile ukuthi lezi zici ziyaphila kancane ngeminyaka engu-15% lapho kwenziwa ukucindezela kwezinhlobo zeminingi.
Izimpakathi zokusebenza zokulayisha i-polyurethane ziyasebenza ngokukhulu lapho kuhlanganiswa nezindlela zokusebenza. Noma ngu-6.5 R-value kusel kanti, leli khanda lika ngaphakathi kabili kanti yilokho i-cellulose ingatholayo futhu kanti yilokho i-polystyrene ehlukene ngokusho senhlamvu. Ngokwesicelo sezigaba, amasampula amaningi ayabelana ngokungenkuluma ngezinsuku zokusebenza zazo ezinhloko noma ngemva kwezinyanga ezingu-15 zokusebenza. Lokhu kuyimpawu yinhle ngokulinganisa nezinhlayiya zokusebenza zokulayisha i-spray ezidinga ngokungenkuluma kwi-88% ngokwezwa nezwa. Okwaziwa ngokuvamile i-polyurethane ngoba iyasebenza ngokuvamile kakhulu lapho kuhlanganiswa nezindlela zokulayisha eziningi ezifana nezibhodi zokulayisha nezinhlayiya zokusebenza. Izivivinyo zokusebenza zokwakhiwa kubonisa ngokwempiro lokhu kuthula kwezindlela zokusebenza kuzindlela zokuxhumana ngokungenkuluma kwe-40%, lokhu kuyindlela engcono yokukhetha amakhaya apho ukulawulwa kwezulu kuyinkimbinkimbi.
I-Polyurethane isenza ngokuthuthukisa kakhulu kuhlolwa lwemigqa yindlela, kusuka kaphapha -50 degrees Celsius kuya kuma +120 degrees. Lokhu kwenza kube yimali yayo ukugcina izinto kumakoti amakhane kanye nokunqamula izindlu kumakoti aphelile. Xa kwehlukile kwehlukile (80% relative humidity noma ngaphezulu), i-polyurethane ishluklwa kuphela ama-1% wamanzi noma ngaphansi. Loku yindleke kakhulu ngoba kuthibela ukuthi isibhakabhaka sibeke kanye nokuthibela ukuthi kuthile kwehlukile kokuqukethwe kwehlukile esikweni se-cellulose. Iziphetho se-cellulose singasebenza xa kwehlukile kuya kuma-90%, laba noma 20% yemiphumela. Ukulondoloza kwezinhlabo kumakoti amakhane kutholile ukuthi ukusebenzisa i-polyurethane yokunqamula kuthula kakhulu kwezindleko zokushisa nokuyiswa ngama-32% ngonyaka khona emakotini aphelile, kudingeka kakhulu xa kwehlukile kuya kuma-zero.
Isithuthi sekheloni sokugcina polyurethane simele njengomthuthi wokungena kwemoya, ngekutholwa kwemoya phansi kwe-1% noma ngemva kwe-90% wehumi. Lokhu kuvikela ukwenza isihlahla esenza ukubutha kumakhiyameli afana ne-fiberglass noma imizuzwana yemoya. Ngokunye nesikhethelo esibuthayo, polyurethane sinquma ukusebenza okujwayele kakhulu xa kuthathwa i-intshukumo, ukubhujwa noma ukungena kwemoya wesilisa.
Izicathami zokwenza polyurethane zingasebenzisa izindlela zokugcina ngaphezulu kuka-150 kPa okuyisokhono esikhulu kakhulu emakhaya apho kudingeka ukuthutha kwezulu noma ukulanda ngokungafani. Le ngcamango inesicathami esilandelanayo esinguqulo le molekyuli esiphephile izindlela ngokuyisile kusayithi ukuze ayiphansi noma aphanyuke ngokugcina. Ngokwale me, isebenzile kahle njengesicathami esikhulu ngaphakathi kwaleyo paneli zokulayisha ezisemaphandla amaningi apho kudingeka ukulayisha kuhlanganwe nezisokhono eziqinile ukuze kube nezifiso.
Izivivinyo ezinesi kusukela kwenyaka yokuthutha kumelwe kuthi kuhlanganise nezimo zasekantolo kubonisa ukuthi ipolyurethane ithutha kakhulu ukulindela kwezithuthi, ngenkathi kuthutha kwezinkinga kungaphansi kwe-5%. Xa kufika kwenyamelela izimo eziphakeme zasekantolo, ipolyurethane iyagqibela amapho yase-XPS ne-EPS ngokuphelele. Lezi zinhlanzelo azikho nakho ukuthutha kakhulu ukwenyamelela ukuphela kwezinto ezingaphakathi nezokuthiwa kwezithuthi esine ngezokuthiwa kwezilicuka, okungenzeka ukuthi kuhle kakhulu. Xa ubuka kumaqondo ezingokwendulo zezimu ezithunyelwe ipolyurethane emva kwezinye zokuguqula izinto kakhulu phakathi kwe-minus 30 amadigri Celsius ne-50 amadigri kubonisa okuthile okuthakazelisa - akukho noma yiliphi ubudlelwane obomvu bokuthiwa noma yiliphi ubudlelwane obokugcwele ngisho ngenyaka lezi zinto eziguqulwa ngokusheshisa.
Kunesikhatsi yokuvikela, izipharathelwe zepolyurethane ziphumelelayo kakhulu. Zinikeza izindlela zokuvikela ezingu-6.5 ngokweyomiyane, okuyinto engu-30% ngaphezulu kwaleyo ekutholakalayo kwi-fiberglass evela. Yikuphi okwenza lezi zithombe zibe nefficiency? Ukwanele okuphansi, ukulayiselwa kwezindlela kwenza ukuthatha kweqile kwezindlela zokuxhumana nezinye izinto eziphakathi kwezinye izindawo ngama-40 fela kuya kuma-50%. Abakhulu bezifundo baneke ukusebenza nazo lezi zithombe xa kudingeka bakuvuselele izakhiwo ezidala ngaphandle kokutshintsha isendleko sabo. Le zipharathelwe zingakhiwa ngokuthula kakhulu, ngamathathu amathathu angu-20mm fela, bese bendela ngokulungileyo ukuze ikhutshelwe kuzo izindawo ezikhuma ezitholakalayo kakhulu kuzo izakhiwo ezemakhono.
Kwesilafu sokugcinwa ngokuchaphazelekileyo, amaphela aphakathi kwe-polyurethane agcinwa amathempereyithu phakathi kwe -30°C kanye no +25°C noma kube nezinkulu ezingama-12-15 cm kuphela. Izifekelo zilothola ukuncipiswa kwezindleko zokusebenza ngo-35% ngokunciphisa ukusebenza kwe-compressor. Isicelo se-2023 solelwa kwezilafu ezingama-50 zokudla kubonise ukuthi amakhiyaphi aphakathi kwe-polyurethane agcinwa izindleko zokulayisha izimoto ngama-18% ngokulinganisa nezaphakathi ezingaphakathi kwe-EPS.
| Umthawu | PIR (Polyisocyanurate) | PUR (Polyurethane) |
|---|---|---|
| Ukuphakamisana kwesithathu | 0.022 W/mK | 0.028 W/mK |
| Ukusebenza Kwemamba | IsiBango B1 (EN 13501-1) | IsiBango E (kudinga kwezinzimelwano) |
| Inkulu Elinganayo | 100-200mm | 80-150mm |
| Kubalulekile kuma | Izimu zokugcina izindlela zokungena | Ukubuyekezwa kwezindlu zokunciphisa imithwalo |
I-PIR ikhuthalwa kakhulu kuzindlela zokudlala ngokuzenzekela kwezimali ezingaphansi (GWP 1,230 vs. PURs 1,450), noma kunjalo i-PUR ikhuthalwa kakhulu kuzindlela zokukhula zokushisa lapho kumele kube nemvume yokungena. Kunebo babo manje abasebenzisa amathuba atholakale kakhulu okusho 15-30% kuzindlela ezinhle zase-EU.
I-Polyurethane isebenza ngokulandela kakhulu kuzindlela ezijwayelekile kakhulu kuzindlela zokunciphisa imithwalo. Ngekhiya ye 0.022 W/mK up to 50% lower than fiberglass (0.040 W/mK)it achieves higher R-values (6.5 per inch) with thinner installations. This allows compliance with insulation standards while conserving space, a major benefit in retrofits and compact designs.
Isibonelo:
| Impahla | Ukuhlangana Nokunyusela (W/mK) | I-Value R-Per Inci |
|---|---|---|
| I-polyurethane | 0.022 | 6.5 |
| Ifibulejisi | 0.040 | 3.7 |
| Isipho Soludingo | 0.035 | 4.0 |
Izifundo ikhombisa ukuthi i-polyyurethanes zinezinkawo zokusebenza ngokuphakathi kwezindilinga ngokungu-700% futhi zinezinkawo zokugcina amandla ngokungu-30% ngaphezulu kwe-foam yokusetha ngemva kwezingu-10.
Noma i-polyyurethane iyodwa 20-40% engaphezulu kwezibingi, ubunzima bawo nobunemcane bawophelela ukuthola okunye. Izakhiwo ngezibingi zokusebenza i-polyyurethane zikhipha 25-30% ngaphansi kwezindleko zokwanda nokhanya ngonyaka , nezikhathi zokubuyela okuphakathi kwezingu-5-7 iminyaka. Ngokungalingani nezibhodi zomoya, ozwa kuhlukile kakhulu kuzo, i-polyyurethane ikhlinza ukusebenza ngemva kwezingu-30, okwenza izibhodi zibe yimaliphi.
Ukwenza kube yindlela enobungo obuningi, kodwa kuleli xesha elizayo kuholelwe kakhulu ngokwezimali ephambene nezindleke zokusebenzisa kabusha izinto zokubhobha. Okokuqala, le ndleke zokusebenzisa kabusha ingaba yisikweletu kakhulu, ngaphezulu kwezibini elinesithupa, ngelokho nazo ezindleke zokugcina amagelo aphelileyo angavunyelwe. Ngokwesibini, i-Fiberglass yenza amakhulu kakhulu ngaphezulu kwezibini elinesikhatsi kuma-landfill njengoba ayilungiseleli kakhulu futhi inamathela engavuleki. Akukho into yokuthunyelwa kwezulu ephambene nezulu, kodwa xa sibheka ukunciphisa isikhwama sezinga eliphezulu nangokuthi abasebenzisi beqoqwa ukusebenzisa izinto ephambene nezulu, i-polyurethane ishukela njengoba enye yezinto eziphilayo ezingcono ezitholakalayo ngalesi sikhathi esizokuthi abakhule amakarboni.
Ukuphakelwa kwemali yokupheka kuyenza ukusebenza okuningi nokunceda kwezindleko zokupheka ngokuba kune k-value encane, i-R-value enkulu ngokuya ngenca, ukungena kwamanzi, nokuphezulu kakhulu, okwenza kube yimali yokunceda kwezindleko zokupheka nezimali ezingcono.
I-polyurethane isetle kusukela ku -50°C ku +120°C, noma kune ukungena okuncane kamanzi, okwenza kube yimali yezimo zonke zokupheka nokunquba ukuthi kungena komlilo nezindleke zemali.
Yebo, imicabango engaphezulu yokuqokelela kwenzelwe ukuba yinkinga encane kakhulu, futhi ukusebenza okuphezulu kwe-polyurethane nezindleke ezidinga kakhulu zenze ukuba kuncishwe ukuphuma kwezinkawuli eziphakelweni.
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