Ukubeka kwe-Skirtboard Yokugcina Kwesikhala Sokuhambisa Amachemikhali Okunqamuka

Amaphethini Okubaluleka Kwemithombo Nokuhlanganisa Isibonelo Sokuvutha Kwesikhumba Sase-urethane Sokugcina Isikhumba Sokugcina Isikhumba

Amaphethini Okubaluleka Kwesikhumba Se-OSHA, EPA, Nase-ATEX Sokugcina Amasimbi Okukhupha

Industriya yokuthumela izinkemikali ibhekisele kuzo zonke izinkampani zokusebenta isikhumba sokugcina isikhumba sokugcina isikhumba sokugcina isikhumba sokugcina isikhumba sokugcina isikhumba sokugcina isikhumba sokugcina isikhumba sokugcina isikhumba sokugcina isikhumba sokugcina isikhumba sokugcina isikhumba sokugcina isikhumba sokugcina isikhumba sokugcina isikhumba sokugcina isikhumba sokugcina isikhumba sokugcina isikhumba sokugcina isikhumba sokugcina isikhumba sokugcina isikhumba sokugcina isikhumba sokugcina isikhumba sokugcina isikhumba sokugcina isikhumba sokugcina isikhumba sokugcina isikhumba sokugcina isikhumba sokugcina isikhumba sokugcina isikhumba sokugcina isikhumba sokugcina isikhumba sokugcina isikhumba sokugcina isikhumba sokugcina isikhumba sokugcina isikhumba sokugcina isikhumba sokugcina isikhumba sokugcina isikhumba sokugcina isikhumba sokugcina isikhumba sokugcina isikhumba sokugcina isikhumba sokugcina isikhumba sokugcina isikhumba sokugcina isikhumba sokugcina isikhumba sokugcina isikhumba sokugcina isikhumba sokugcina isikhumba sokugcina isikhumba sokugcina isikhumba sokugcina isikhumba sokugcina isikhumba sokugcina isikhumba sokugcina isikhumba sokugcina isikhumba sokugcina isikhumba sokugcina isikhumba sokugcina isikhumba sokugcina isikhumba sokugcina isikhumba sokugcina isikhumba sokugcina isikhumba sokugcina isikhumba sokugcina isikhumba sokugcina isikhumba sokugcina isikhumba sokugcina isikhumba sokugcina isikhumba sokugcina isikhumba sokugcina isikhumba sokugcina isikhumba......

Iziphumo Zokungafani Kwe-Containment: Ukubhishwa Kwabantu Abasebenza, Inkinga Yekhomiswano Nendawo Yenhliziyo, Kunye Nezikhathi Zokungasebenzi

Kodwa uma ukugcina akwenziwa ngokuphelele, izinkinga zonke zizobuka kubantu abasebenzayo, umdlalo wokuphatha, nabizinisi njengoba ziyabuka. Sibone okokuqala kuzo zinkinga zokugcina kwesihlalo. Abantu abasebenzayo amasayizi emithambo aphathwa kuizindawo zokuthintana apho akukho ukugcina okuphelele bafakelwa kumazinto amangalisa njenge-benzene. Ngokwesicelo sika-NIOSH esithile ngo-2023, babafindela ubude bakweli kuvimba okuphakathi kwezinye zezindlela zokuphatha ezinomthwalo wokufaka phakathi kwezinkambo zika-OSHA. Kuyena futhi isidingo sezinhloso. Ukususa kwezinye yezinkambo zokunqula kungaba nesilinganiso sezimali sokubhalisa izinkambo zokunqula ngokulinganisa izinkambo zokubhalisa, ukususa izinsila zokunqula kwezinsila nezilwane, nokuphatha izinkambo zokulandela kubantu ababili ekuhlwini lapho inkambo yasuka. Kanti masibe nethemba lokugcina ukuthi kungabi nesiphambano. Uma izinkinga zokugcina zisiza kuzo izindawo zokusebenza, izindawo zokusebenza zizofuna ukuzama ukugcina ngokuphelele, ukuzama ukuzwa, nokuphatha izinkambo zokuhlola. Lokhu kungenza ukuthi kusishiywe izinkambo ezingu-18% zokuphatha kwezinsuku zomnyaka. Kunezizindawo ezikwaziwe ukuthi zifundile isibonelo. Izindawo zokusebenza ezithinta kulezi zindawo zokugcina zezincamo zezingculi zezingculi zazibona ukuthi izinkinga zokugcina zazishiywa ngokuphakeme kwe-80%. Isibonelo? Izinto ezinamandla zikhangelwa ukuthi zizokuphatha ngokuphelele nokuthi zizokuphatha ngokuphelele ngokuphatha kwezinkambo ngaphandle kokuthi kubhekwe izinkinga zokushiywa.

Ukusebenza Kwemateriali: Kungani i-Urethane Iphumelela Kubusakazana Bokuphatha Izinkimende Ezinomthelela

Ukuhambana ngezinkimende, izisolvanti, nokuthwasa kwezinkimende

Kodwa kufunda ukuthi kubhekana nezinkembele, i-urethane ibhekana ngokuphelele nesilika esingaphansi ngokuthi imolekhi yayo iyasibeka kanjani futhi ayikwazi ukuthi ithandane ngezinto eziphakathi kwezinye izinto. Isilika sesintu nenye izinkembele zokudala ziyabuka, ziyagqamisa njengomkhonto, noma zihlupha kabusha lapho zifundwa ngamazinyo, amahhashi amakhulu, noma izinkembele zokugqamisa. Kodwa i-urethane isibeka, isibeka isithunzi nesibonelo sakhe ngokungafani noma yiziphi izinkembele eziningi ezizoba kuzo ngokuphakeme. Ukuthi ayikwazi ukuthi ithandane kuyisibonelo sokuthi akukho chaza lokukhula kwezinkinga ezinconywa uma izisele zihlupha emaphakathini apho ukusula kungaba nokuthi kubhekana nezinkinga ezingaphezulu kusasa. Funa umzekelo wokuhambisa amazinyo. I-urethane ayikwazi ukuthi athathe amazinyo njengalezo zinkembele eziningi noma ukuthi ibe yisikhumba ngokusebenza kabanban. Izirhabo zezindaba zokubona zibonisa ukuthi le nto iyakwenza ukusula kubhekana ngokuphakeme ngokulingana ne-90% kunezinkembele ezingaphansi, okuyisibonelo sokuthi izindustria eziningi zihamba kuyo manje.

Ukuhlanza kwezinkinga zokugqibela nokubona kokugcina kwemithambo yokuqhubeka ngokushesha

Kodwa izihluzi zokugcina zihamba kungenzeka kakhulu kunezinkambo eziyisikhombisa ezingu-120 (ngokusho kwemitha emine ayisine) ngomzuzu, izinto zibegcina kubuhlungu kwezinhlobo zezinto. Ukukhanya kwezinye izinyathelo kusiza ukuthi izinyathelo ziphephile kusha, ngakho ukuthi ukuthi izinhlobo zezinto zibe nesibopho sokugcina kuyisidingo esikhulu ukuthi zibe nesikhathi eside sokusebenza. I-urethane ibhekene ngokwesibonelo ngokuthi izimboni zayo zihambanana kanjani. Lokhu kubonakala kakhulu kuthi kuboneka ukuthi kuzoba kunciphisa ukuthi kuzobekwa nokuthi kuzobulawa njengalokho okunye kwezinhlobo zezinto. Izilwane zokugcina zihlukumeza kusha kodwa izinhlobo ezincane zihlukumeza kusha futhi. I-urethane ibe phakathi kwezinhlobo zezinto zokugcina zezifunda zezifunda zokugcina zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zez......

Izinhlelo Zokugcina Zokugcina Izihlathi Zokugcina Amasiko Ezinkundla Zokufaka Emthwakathini Ngokusebenza Kwempilo Yezindawo

Ukuvumela Ukuthi i-Shore A yobunzima (80–95) ibe yinkimbinkimbi, ibe yinkimbinkimbi, nokugcina kwezinsuku eziningi

Ukulinganiswa kwe-Shore A akuyi nombala wokufakwa kwesiphequliso—kuyinto efaka ukuthi izinto zihlakaniphile njani kuzinzinzini zezindlela zokusebenza. Uma i-urethane iphakathi kwe-80 no-95, kuyibala lebala elingekhona lokugcina ukuthi kubaluleke ukukhokha ngendlela efanele. Lezi zinto zizokhathazisa izinkemikheli nezinhlobo zezinto ezilungile, zizokhokha ngokuphambuka phakathi kwezinhlobo zezindiza ngaphandle kokuthi ubuhlungu bengenye noma ubuhlungu bezinhlobo zezinto zibaluleke, futhi zibuyela kusukela emva kokugcinwa ngokuphambuka phakathi kwezindiza, okuningi kakhulu kuyi-92% yokuqhubeka. Lokhu kusiza ukugcina ukulinganiswa okubaluleke kwe-3 ku-1 okugcina ukuthi amasiko asihlale, okuyinto ekhupha ngamahora angu-1000 yokusebenza. Amaphantsi osebenzisana okushintsha kwezinhlobo zezinto zokukhokha kwe-85A kuya ku-90A kusobala ukuthi izikhokho ziyabuyela ngokuphambuka phakathi kwe-40% ngaphezu kwezikhokho zezinkemikheli zokusebenza ngokujwayelekile ngokufunda kwe-CRC Press ngo-2023. Ngakho-ke uma iziphumo zelaboratori zibaluleke, okubaluleke ngempela kukho lokhu kulungiselelo okuphambuka phakathi kwezindiza kwezindawo zokusebenza ngosuku ngosuku.

Ukugxila kwezindlela zokusebenza: Ukugxila kwezindlela zokubeka, ukulawula ukuphakama, nokulandela ukugwala kwezindlela zokusebenza ezipheleleyo

Ukuqiniseka kwesikhathi sokusebenza kuyisibonelo esingaphansi kokuchaza kwezinto ezilungileyo kuphela kodwa ngokugxila kwezindlela zokusebenza ngokupheleleyo. Izisifundo zesayensi zokusebenza ezipheleleyo zezinkotha zokubeka kwe-urethane zihlanganisa amathuba amathathu okusebenza kwezinsayensi:

• Ukugxila kwezindlela zokubeka : Amaklampi ayalitha ngolaser ayagxila ukugxila ngokupheleleyo ngaphakathi kwe-±1.2 mm ngeminyaka yokuqhubeka kwesikhathi, ekusindisweni kwezinhlobo zokukhanya noma ukungafani kwezinhlobo zokubeka;
• Ukulawula ukuphakama : Amashini okulawula ngokushesha ayagcina ukuphakama kwe-15–18 psi ngokushesha—ekulungiseni ukuphakama kwebelt, ukugwala, noma ukuphakama okuthengiswa ngokuchaza kwezikhathi;
• Ukulandela ukugwala : Izinkotha eziyisitshixo sesi-RFID ziyathumela iziphumo zokubhekisa ubude ngokushesha emaphalishinini okulandela ukusebenza ngokupheleleyo, ekuvumelaneni ukubuyisela ngokuzimela kabusha ngaphambi kokuthi kubhekiswe ukufukwa.

Kodwa izisitemu zizokombina lezi zintandabuzo ezintathu, zifika emhlabathini wokugcina amasayizi ngemphumela yezinkulungwane eziyisikhombisa 99.4% nakwezinye izindlela kodwa izihlathi zihambisa kude kuneemitara eziyisine ngosekondi. Imali yokususa amasayizi ekupheleni kwamazwi ayalwa aphakathi ayagcina ngemphumela yezinkulungwane eziyisikhombisa 88%, futhi abasebenzi badinga ukubheka okunye ngokwanele kuphela amashumi amathathu nesikhombisa ngokuphakathi kwezinkulungwane eziyisikhombisa 100 kokubheka ngaphambi kokuba (i-Journal of Hazardous Materials ibhabhise lokhu ngo-2024). Lokho esibonayo lamanje ngu-uhlobo lwesikhombisa sokukombina umthwalo wokufunda amasayizi nokuchaza kahle kwezinhloso zokusebenza, okuyisikhombisa sokuguqula kahle ukwenza kwezihlathi zokugcina izihlathi. Kungekho ukuthi zibekele kuleli xhoba njengamathuba kuphela, kodwa ziyoba yinto eyenziwa ngokushesha okuyiqiniso, okuyisebenzisa imininingwane yezinsuku zokushesha ukugcina izinhloso zokusebenza zivume.