Ukuphathelwano kwe-molekyuli yokweyisa kwe-polyurethane kungenzeka ukungeza kakhulu ekuxilweni kwayo kwezinhlelo. Kutholakale ngokweqile yezinhlobo ezifanayo zokweyisa nezinhlobo ezinde, ezinhlelwe ngokucophelela ukuze kuvikele isilinganiso nezinkawo zokweyisa. I-urethane linkages kulezi zinhlobo zinikeza ukuphathelwa kwezinhlelo, zebenza njengezinqawo eziphambene nezinhlelo. Imvubu yakubonisa ukuthi ngokulandela uhlu lwezinhlobo ezifanayo kuye nezinhlobo ezinde, i-polyurethanes ingenzeka ukuthi yenziwe ngendlela yokuvikela ukuphambelana nezinhlelo ezithile, kanye nezolvente nezinhci. Le ndlela yokusebenza kwezifiso kwenza i-polyurethane yinto ephambene nezindlela eziningi zokusebenza kakhulu, lapho ukuphathelwa kwezinhlelo kungcono.
Ukuhlanjiswa kanye nezinye izinhloso ephambene nokukhanywa kwezinhlayiya. Le ndlela ifaka amadivayisi amathathu kulesi sithunywa, okuphakathi kwezokukhanywa nokusebenzisa leli sithunywa ngokushesha kakhulu lapho kunesimo ephambili. Izinga lokuhlanjiswa singakunyiswa ngokwesinye isindlela, ngokuthi kutheni ukushisa, izinhlayiya zokunyusa, noma izikatali, okwesinye kwezi zinhloso kunceda kakhulu. Izindlela zokuhlanjiswa kakhulu zibonisa ukuthi lapho kunezinga eliphezulu kwezinhloso zokuhlanjiswa, kungcono ukukhanywa kwezinhlayiya ezinhle, njengezinhlayiya zokuximba nezinhlayiya zokuvula. Le mithi yisimo esibaluleke kakhulu lapho kunesikhundla esikhulu esingasetshenziswa ngaso lezi zinhlayiya, ukuthi isimo esiphelile sibe nezinhloso ephambili.
Ukupheli kwezicathami zepolyurethane kungabangelwa ngokubangelwa kumaqhimba amaningi, njengama-acids, ame-alkalis, namasolvents. Izivivinyo zelaboratory kubonile ukuthi i-polyurethane inikeza izindlela ezahlukene zokuxhasama ngokwesibonelo seqhimba. Isibonelo, ngabe i-polyurethane ingaxhasama ngokuhle kwezithi nezisolvethi ethile, kodwa ukubangelwa ngeminyaka eminingi kuma-alkalis amakhulu kungenzeka ukuthi kuthinte intambo. Lokhu kubonisa ukubaluleka kwekukhetha izinhlayiya zepolyurethane ezifanele kumaphimbo aphakathi kazo azobe kutholakale, ukwehlisa impilo yazo nekuhlongisa ukuphela kwazo.
Izindlela zokugcinwa kanye nezimo zaseMhlaba zingahlukanisa ukukhululeka kwezinhlanhla zokulingana nezinhlanhla. Izibindi ephakeme kungakhohlwa izici zomkhiqizo, okungaba yindlela yokuthula kakhulu ukukhululeka kwezinhlanhla. Ngaphezulu, izimo zaseMhlaba njengehumi kanye nezinkane zika-UV zinezinhlanhla zokuthuthwa kwezinhlanhla. Izindlela zokusebenzela kwiindustri ezahlukene zibonisa ukuthi ukugcinwa kwezibindi ezingcono kanye nokukhshielda ngokulandelana nezimo ezingathintekayo kungaba yindlela yokugcina intando yezinhlanhla. Ngokuphatha lezi zimo, iindustri zingakhulisa ukusebenza kanye nezinto zokulingana zazo.
Kuleli ngemibandela njengaleyo ethuthukisa ukusebenza kwegesi, ubunzima bokusebenza kwezilindelelo kuyindlela ebalulekile. Okunye ukungabi lapha kuleli ngemikhondo singenza ukuba kube neziphumo ezinkulu kwiqoqo. Izindlela zokugcina zingcinwa ukuthi ukuthunyelwa kwegesi kwiingxenye zokusebenza kwiimeko eziphakeme zokulingana ngemikhondo zokulingana zingenhance ubude bokulula. Kuyindlela ekuhambisana ngayo ukuthi ukuthunyelwe kwegesi kwiimeko ethuthukisa ukusebenza kwiimeko eziphakeme zokulingana zokulingana zokulingana, ukuthi kube nezilindelelo ezininzi nezilindelelo.
Imi standadhi ye ASTM kanye ne ISO zibalulekile ukuvathisa ukwehliswa kwezinhlelo ezifana ne-polyurethane. Zinikeza uhwebo oluthile, ucindezelela ukuthi kube khona ukulingana nokwehliswa kwezivathiswa. Lezi zivathiswa ezinhleleni zokuvathisa zikhombisa izinhloso kwiindlela ezahlukene ngokuzenzekelayo, zilwandlela imithwabo yemhlabeni. Ngokulandela lezi zindlela ezinhlelwe, abasebenzisa amathiphu kungena iziphumo ezithokozisayo ezokwelashwa ukuthuthukwa kwezinhloso kanye nend-user ekwenzeni izinqumo ezijwayelekile. Le nkqubo yokuqukethwa kwezivathiswa kuyibalulekile ukugcina imi standadhi ehle kwezinhlelo.
Ukuthi kufundisa imetriku yokwenza okuqondileyo kusuka kumaqondo ASTMe ne-ISO kuyindlela esenza ngayo ukwenza okuqondileyo malunga nezinhlanhla zokulawulwa kwezinhlobo. Le metriku iyathola amadatha amathathu athi ukukhula okwenyama, ukuphakama emva kokuthintwa, nokokhaya ngemva kokuthintwa kwezinhlobo eziyinhlanhla, ngakho kungakuvumeli ukuthi abasebenzisi bakhombise ngokuphelele izinhlobo. Kuhlanganise nezinyathelo ezinhle, le ndlela ikuvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bakhiphe ukuthobela kwezinto ngokuphelele kahle kumaqondo apholileyo. Ngokwesibonelo, le ndlela ikuthinta ngokuphelele ukuthi izinhlobo eziphathwe zisebenze ngendlela ethiweyo, noma kumaqondo apholileyo apho kuthintwa kwezinhlobo ezinhlanhla.
Noma ukuthi ikhabonkulu ihlukaniswa ngokuthambile, ikhabonkulu ye-polyurethane sengaba yona enqaba ngokuphindwe kwezinkimbinkimbi, ngakumbi ezinkatini ezihlangothini. Izindlela zokulinganisa zahlonipha ukuthi ikhabonkulu ye-polyurethane inqaba ngokuphindwe kwekhabo futhu kwezibhakabhaka, esenza kube yisiko esifanele ezindleleni ezibalweni ukuphila okuphezulu. Izimboniso zasekethe futhu ukuthi izindustri zahlela ukukhetha ikhabonkulu ye-polyurethane ngaphambi kwekhabonkulu ngenxa yabantu babili obuphumelele futhu kubalwe ngokuphezulu. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa yizindleko ezingcwele eziphumelela kwezibhengezelo futhu ukulungiswa ngemva kwezikhathi eziningi.
Kunelungelo lezi aloynimenti ezinemikhawulo yokukhula lapho zihlukene nezimvelo eziphoyisa, i-polyurethane isebenza ngokuphelele kanye nokulondoloza. Imicabango ikhombisa ukuthi ukufaka amalayini e-polyurethane kuzindlela ezinemikhawulo kakhulu kuyasebenza ukugcina kwemigawu engaphambili ye-metal, ukuvikela ukulungiswa nokubuyiselwa okuthathwa ngemali. Abakhululekile bekucela indlela ephambene, ukuxhuma ubukhosi be-metal kanye nezici ezinikezela e-polyurethane, ukuba kutholakale okulungile kakhulu kuzindlela ezikhululwe kakhulu. Le ndlela isebenza kwezici zokuvikela zemigawu kanye nezici ezinikezela e-polyurethane, ikunikeza isisindo esifanele lapho kudingeka ukuthola izici zombili izinhlobo zematerial.
Ukuthuthukiswa phakathi kwezimaterialu kufanele uqonde izidingo eziyinkimbinkimbi zalo noma yiliphi isebenza kanye nokukhetha umaterialo onemiphumo yekhono kanye nokhesho.
I-Polyurethane is use kakhulu kwiqondo leqoqosha le-acid ngokuba yinikeza i-resistance ephakeme. Ikhakhaza kakhulu ngoko ke yisiseko esifanelekileyo kwiimeko apho izinto eziseleyo zingasebenzi, kuzo zonke iimeko zingasebenziswanga ngokukhawuleza. Iindlela zokulondoloza zilandelayo zibonisa ngokucacileyo indlela apho iindlela zokusebenza zasebenzisweyo kwi-Polyurethane ziyasebenzisa ngokulungileyo kwiimeko eziphakeme ngokulinganisa nezinye izinto. Ngoko ke, le nto iyasebenzisa ngokulungileyo iindlela zokusebenza kwaye iyasebenzisa ngokulungileyo ubude bokusebenza, ngoko ke i-Polyurethane iyawaqanyiswa ngokulungileyo kwiindustri eziphatha ngokupheleleyo nezinto eziphakeme. Ngokudibanisa le nto kwiindlela zokusebenza, iindlela zokusebenza ziyasebenzisa ngokulungileyo kwaye ziyasebenzisa ngokulungileyo kwiimeko eziphakeme, ngoko ke ukunciphisa izindleko zokulondoloza kwaye ukuthintwa kwezinyathelo zokusebenza.
Kunye nezixhobo zokulandelana, i-polyurethane enokunqelwa ngokuchemicala iyathandwa kakhulu ngokusebenza kwayo xa kuchazwa ukulinda kwezicathami ezisebenzisa amandla kwaye kungapheli kwaye kungakhathalisekiyo. Imigaqo yesicathamiyo iqhutywa ngokukhawuleza ukulinda kwayo ngokulinganisa nezixhobo ezingaphantsi eziphatha ngokuchanekileyo kumimandla efanayo. Le ngxokovaleyo kuyimfutshane kakhulu kumasebenzi okutshelwa ngqo apho ukulungisa okuthiyingo yemilo kungaba yimali elikhulu. Iinkcazo ezilandelayo zibonisa ukunceda kakhulu kumaluleko yokulungisa okuthiyingo ngenxa yokudala kwaye ukuphelelwa kwezicathami ze-polyurethane. Ngoko ke, iindlela zokusebenza ziyaqina ngokukhawuleza ukubaluleka kwekunyusela i-polyurethane ukuze kuthathwe inkqubo kwaye kuhlanganiswe amandla eziphatheni zokulandelana.
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